Kaminski’s program also substitutes regulation soccer balls with the lightweight Heading Trainer soccer ball. 

“These training balls look and feel like a normal soccer ball but are much lighter,” he said. “During specific drills, the players are more apt to head the ball because it doesn’t hurt.” 

The lightweight ball also allows for some repetition. 

“Evidence has shown very minimal force on the head, neck, and brain when the protocol is followed,” Kaminski said. “We expect to see neck strength and girth changes in these players.” 

In addition, Kaminski and his team consistently monitor repetitive head impacts to gain valuable insight into the impact these forces have on the young, developing brain. Elite youth soccer players in Middletown, Wilmington and Hockessin wear specialized mouthguards with sensors that track head impacts during practices and games. 

“We have cameras set up at practice, so any hits we pick up on the mouthpiece sensors, we also have on tape,” Kaminski said. 

The specialized mouthpieces are made through a collaboration with Wake Forest University School of Medicine in North Carolina. UD alumna Dr. Erin Macko volunteered her expertise and experience to perform intraoral scans on soccer players participating in the study at her nearby dental practice, Erin N. Macko DDS Family Dental Care in Newark. These scans were used to fabricate the custom-fit mouthpieces.

“I’ve always felt a call to give back to the community,” Macko said. “This is one way I can contribute and help these soccer players and future student-athletes perform safely.”

Mouthguards aren’t required in soccer, leading to Macko treating her fair share of injuries.

“If this research leads to fewer concussions, broken teeth and jaws, then I support it,” Macko said. “Medical professionals and athletes deal with much more after the initial trauma. The aftermath of these injuries can have a domino effect.” 

Macko, who graduated in 2006, didn’t know Kaminski during her time at UD as an honors exercise physiology (now kinesiology) major and UD women’s volleyball team member. They first connected during the COVID-19 pandemic when she volunteered as a state vaccinator and organized and led vaccination clinics from her then-shuttered office. 

“I was honored to vaccinate the athletic training and nursing students as well as other organizations in the Newark community and, of course, my patients,” Macko recalled. “When Tom approached me with this research, there was no hesitation. I was immediately on board.”

Kaminski, the sole U.S. representative on the FIFA Heading Expert Panel, said that the organization is also interested in the study’s findings. 

“In the U.S. and England, there are guidelines for heading the ball, but the rest of the world has no guidelines for youth soccer players,” he said. “Research like this can drive policy worldwide.”  

That policy will make for better, stronger and safer players. 

“The athletes we’re working with aspire to play, certainly in high school, and possibly on the collegiate or national level,” Kaminski said. “Heading is a vitally important skill, and if players aren’t taught the proper technique early on, they will develop bad habits that will haunt them for the rest of their time on the field.”