FILL-INS (4pts each blank). Fill in each blank with the most accurate and appropriate word or phrase that completes the sentence in the context of this course. There may be more than one correct answer.
 

1. A male insect increases activity upon sensing a female pheromone. This is an example of KINESIS, TAXIS, LEARNED behavior. (Circle one) What type of receptor of a male would sense the pheromone _______________________ and where would this sensory receptor be located? ___________________ Give a specific example of an insect where a pheromone is used by a male to detect a female. ____________________________________________
2. The ___________________ gland in a female releases the hormone ___________________________ resulting in _____________________ cells increasing their activity and size in the process (behavior) of ________________________.
3. Industrial melanism of the peppered moth - was the population polymorphic before coal soot killed the lichens? YES or NO. Explain your yes or no answer ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Peppered moth populations changed as the tree bark darkened - was this evolution? YES or NO. Explain your yes or no answer ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Direct flight muscles occur in the insect _________________________________ whereas most insects have indirect flight muscles. We can see this difference when such an insect flies because ________________________________________________________________________________.    For the insect you listed above, does the male transfer sperm DIRECTLY or INDIRECTLY to the female? (Circle one) Explain your choice __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. The female butterfly egg develops in the _______________________________, it is fertilized by sperm stored by the female in her _____________________________________, and then the egg is placed on a leaf surface. The zygote embryo develops as a result of ______________________________ within the egg. The egg then hatches to yield a (an) ______________________________________.
6. Insects make sounds in different ways and to communicate different things. Give two different examples of insects, supplying the following for each:

Insect Example	How is sound produced?	How is sound recieved?	What is communicated?
.	.	.	.
.	.	.	.

7. Connect terms in Columns 1, 2, and 3 with a solid line that are all part of the insect digestive system. (Not all terms will be used)

gastric caecae		accessory pulsatile organ		tracheoles
taenidia		malphigian tubules		oviduct
aorta		spiracle		crop
ovipositor		rectum		heart

8. Look again at the three columns above. Another internal system has a representative structure in all three columns. Which one? _____________________ Connect this second internal system with a dashed line. (Connect a structure in all three columns.)
9. Domestic animals were used by Charles Darwin to develop his theory of evolution. He saw that humans could _____________________ traits or characteristics in animals and over time this resulted in ________________________ in their appearance. Give an example of insect evolution utilizing the two terms filled in the blanks above. _________________________________________________________________________________________
10. A cockroach grasps a piece of dog food you put out for your pet by using its _________________________. The dog food passes from _____________ to ________________. In the latter, (3rd blank above) enzymes break down protein and sugars into simple ones so that the food may be absorbed out of the digestive tract into the ____________________. What portion will reabsorb water and salts? ______________________________________
11. The monarch butterfly lays eggs on __________________________ where the caterpillar feeds. The caterpillar is brightly colored (termed ____________________) to advertise to enemies that it __________________________. The caterpillar that successfully completes its growth changes to a _________________________ and eventually a new adult emerges. Where does the adult female feed? __________________________________
12. Where did the painted lady butterflies spend the early part of this year? ___________________________ Most of the insects during the same time survived by __________________________________ in what stage of metamorphosis? ______________________________ What conditions were unfavorable to continued insect growth and reproduction during the first months of this year? _______________________________________________________
13. Give an example (other than mate attraction) of a behavior a pheromone might influence. ______________________________ Give an insect example where this occurs _______________________________ Give an example of a behavior in which compound eyes serve as receptors ______________________________ and the behavior we might see as a result of reception of a signal. _____________________________________
14. Three examples of defensive coloration in insects are: (1) _______________________, (2) ________________________, (3) _____________________. If two insects look very alike in color patterns, then the similar pattern might be an example of _________________________
15. In the order ________________ reproduction by parthenogenesis means females ____________________ and males _____________________. In the order ____________________ males and females may be dimorphic meaning _______________________________________.

16. An insect (a bee) moves from one flower to another. Illustrate its movement pattern if orientation from one flower to another is a:

Kinesis

Taxis

17. Diagram a reflex arc and label appropriate parts:

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

18. The diagram below is of an insect cut longitudinally in half. Draw three internal systems, illustrating and labeling the major organs of the 3 systems you have added.







19. Diagram the journey an insect sperm cell might make starting with where it is produced and ending where it would fertilize an egg.
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
20. Complete table blanks
    
    

Geologic ERA or PERIOD	Evolution Event	Insect Order
Paleozoic	. .	Odonata
.	. .	.
.	Flowering Plant Pollinator	. .

PART III: Essay (10 pts total). Answer completely the question below.

Insects are successful because....  Explain three reasons - one of which should be anatomy related.