ILLEGIBLE ANSWERS WILL NOT BE GRADED

Read directions and questions carefully. Think before you respond. GOOD LUCK.

HONESTY IS EXPECTED.

FILL-INS (5 pts. each question). Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or words to make the sentence or statement complete. NOTE: Some statements have more than one correct response. Answer in the context of the course.

1. Of the 9 "types" of attitudes toward animals identified by Kellett which one did you most identify with? _________________________ Why? _____________________________ Which one would you be most opposite to? ______________________ Why? ________ ________________________________________________________________________

2. Individuals with different cultural/religious background value wildlife in different ways. For dogs and rats give different viewpoints on value and the culture most likely to share the view.

viewpoint culture

Dog 1. ______________ _________________

2. ______________ _________________

Rat 1. ______________ _________________

2. ______________ _________________

3. ______________ _________________

3. Human population growth passed ____________ billion Oct. 12, 1999. It doubled from ½ that number in ___________ years. If human growth is between 1 and 2 percent it will double again between ____________ and ______ years.

4. Stage 1 of the demographic transition has a (circle one) LOW, STEADY, HIGH growth rate. Stage 2 of the demographic transition has a decrease in _____________ rate with ______________ rate much more slowly decreasing in developed countries where the theory was developed. In developing countries, the theory for stage 2 does not hold because the rate of _________________ actually _____________________ due to __________________________________________.

5. Environmental (or ecological) economics attempts to value conservation beyond __________________ of the resources. A wildlife population might also have ________________ value such as, for example, ________________________________.

6. In the Garrett Hardin Tragedy of the Commons (simplified) example, 20 farmers each owning 5 dairy cows cooperatively use a village commons and harvest an average of 10 kg of milk/cow. Additional cows would degrade the pasture and reduce milk output by 0.1 kg/cow. Would Mrs. O'Leary (one of 20 farmers) GAIN, STAY THE SAME, or LOSE (circle one) by adding a 6^th cow (assuming the remaining 19 kept their 5 cows)? What would Mr. Martin (another cow owner) lose by giving one of his cows to Mrs. O'Leary (so she would have 6 and he have 4)? ____________ If he (and all the other 19 owners) still kept their 5 cows and Mrs. O'Leary added 2 more cows (= 7) to her herd, what would she be obtaining in milk? ______________. How much milk would Mr. Martin (still with 5 cows) be obtaining? _______________.

7. What is represented at left side of diagram below? ______________________________

What is at A? ____________________ What does

this diagram say about population growth? _____

_________________________________________

8. What is at A in diagram? ________________ What is at B? ______________________

What does the diagram illustrate? ______________

__________________________________________

9. Draw the human population curve from 1900 to 1999. Put an A at inflection point on

curve. What was rate of growth at point A?

______________________________________

11. What type of growth curve does Malthus predict for the future human population? ____________________________________. What environmental resistance factors might create this type of curve (min of 2) ________________ and _________________. Can such a curve be seen in past history of human inhabitation on earth? ____________

Explain. ________________________________________________________________

12. Snow and Canada geese migrate to ____________ to breed during the ______________ and return to Delaware in the _____________. Non-migratory Canada geese create wildlife/people conflict in situations such as _____________ and _______________. What is the best resolution of this conflict? _________________________________

Why? _______________________________________________________________

13. Complete the mathematical expression for population growth dn/dt = __________. In this formula identify each of the 3 components: N = ___________________ , ___=_____________, ___=_______________ .

14. In N. Atlantic fishery history (from VHS about Great Auk), technology changes in the 1960’s resulted in surviving fisher people moving from _______________ method of catching fish to boats that _________________________________________. In this video what is “commons” ____________________________ and what could be done to reduce over exploitation? _________________________________________________.

15. The authors of “Can Selfishness Save the Environment” say “exhortation, morals, reprimand, and appeals to human better nature” are __________________________ _________________________________________________________. They say that past approaches have been either _________________ or ____________________ to conservation/saving wildlife (the “commons dilemma” solution) but a more reasonable environmental approach is evident in, for example, DuPont giving up manufacture of ozone harming _______________. They label this a _________________ approach.

You will have 50 minutes – there are 20 total questions each worth 5 points. If you lack time, answer completely – DO NOT SKIP – until you run out of time. I will not grade unanswered questions beginning at #20 backwards. Your grade will still be on basis of 100 pts. so questions will be worth more than 5 points each if you do not finish.

16. Ecotourism is an example of ____________ value according to environmental economists whereas biological pest control/wildlife as a reservoir of new genetic stock is ___________________ value. Why would ecotourism be economically helpful for land use planning in the Greater Yellowstone basin ______________________ or in the area of the Panama Canal in Central America ______________________?

17. Complete the contrasts below for ethical viewpoints.

anthropocentric biocentric

We dominant nature ________________________________

_________________________ Stable human population w/self-sacrifice

_________________________ Energy, water, soil are limited

Technology is the solution and

progress __________________ __________________________________

18. In geological history, there have been two instances when 50% of species disappeared – name one ___________________. When did dinosaurs go extinct? _______________. Humanoids likely were responsible for loss of large animals/birds in an extinction event termed _______________________.

19. How else might we define extinct other than totally gone? Define 2 ways with examples.

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

Distinguish between endangered and threatened populations: ______________________ _______________________________________________________________________.

20. Studying island biodiversity has enabled scientists to develop an _____________ model to show critical relationships of extinction rates. Complete 2 graphs below of A - relationship of island size and number of species and B - number of species and extinction vulnerability.