ILLEGIBLE ANSWERS WILL NOT BE GRADED

Read directions and questions carefully. Think before you respond. GOOD LUCK.

HONESTY IS EXPECTED!

I. FILL-INS (4 pts each question). Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or words to make the sentence or statement complete. NOTE: Some statements have more than one correct response. Answer in the context of the course.

1. Ecology, the study of _____________________________________________, forms our focus to study Wildlife Conservation. Two principle reasons for the current “crises” in Conservation are 1) __________________________________________________ and 2) _________________________________________________.

2. A living organism has a _________________ range for abiotic factors in its environment. A population of an organism would likely be greater or smaller (circle one) if it has a narrow range. What might explain why a population at the extreme of its total distribution range might have a difficult range than one closer to the population center? _______________________________________________________________________.

3. If an organism does not live in a particular place some abiotic factor is likely to be its _________________________. Diagram the relationship expressed by limit #3 (Abiotic Limits Principle).

4. Conservationists seek to ______________________________ populations of organisms. Conservationists believe biodiversity good and _________________. As you developed your personal conservation philosophy, you identified strongly with pioneer _______________ because he/she believed ____________________________________.

5. Stocking a fishing stream w/trout or an abandoned farm with pheasants to hunt is likely to demonstrate density ______________ regulation of the population? A better alternative to increasing fish or bird numbers (recalling population ecology formula dN/dt - change of numbers with time) is to modify ________________ of the stream or field.

6. Little “r” in population ecology, also termed _____________________, may be classified as high r if population has a high survival rate, _______________ and ______________.

7. Under what habitat condition might a small population of organisms grow

experimentally? ____________________. Diagram an exponential growth rate at left labeling x and y axis.

8. What is curve below usually called? ______________________. Where would K

likely be positioned (add K as dashed line to A)? What is K? ___________________________________________.

9. Assume a population of 50 individuals with a growth rate of 0.2 (is this a HIGH or LOW growth rate [circle one]) is increasing exponentially. After one year how large is the population? ____________. If the population size was tripled (150 individuals) would the growth rate be LARGER or SMALLER (circle one). What is dN/dt for this larger population? ____________.

10. A requisite of life that might influence the carrying capacity of an animal population might be _______________. A different requisite that might increase carrying capacity of a plant population could be __________________.

11. Carbon moves from abiotic to biotic portions of the ecosystem in a circular system known as ___________________________. Plants use carbon in the form of _________________ for photosynthesis. This may then be held for short term storage by combining with ___________ to form an acid or as accumulated decomposed organic matter we know better as ____________________________. Why are we currently concerned about carbon movement on our planet? _____________________________ _____________________________________________________________________.

12. The climax community is a MATURE or PIONEER community (circle one)? As such it has MORE or LESS diversity (circle one) and more r-RELATED or k-RELATED organisms (circle one). Two other things we can say about a climax community are (1) ___________________________ and (2) _____________________________.

13. A large, diverse ___________________ is considered healthy for a wildlife species. In addition to the diversity identified above, micro and macroenvironmental diversity or the __________________ of earth was described as a Principle of Ecology.

14. Human activity results in ________________ of wildlife populations and ____________ of the environment (pollution is not the answer – think in terms of connectedness ecology principle).

15. A ___________________ niche defined by ________________ is where organisms live. No two organisms can occupy the exact same niche, an ecological principle known as _________________________.

16. As we understand the theory of evolution, individuals do not change but _____________ do over time. As a consequence of over-reproduction not all organisms survive but due to ___________________ individuals most _____________ survive. The genetic basis of evolution recognizes that change over time occurs within the _________________.

You will have 50 minutes – there are 25 total questions each worth 4 points. If you lack time, answer completely – DO NOT SKIP – until you run out of time. I will not grade unanswered question beginning at #25 backwards. Your grade will still be on basis of 100 pts. so questions will be worth more than 4 points each if you do not finish.

17. A plant or _________troph converts _____ energy into chemical energy that a herbivore or ______________ might utilize. There is more plant than herbivore ______________ because ________________________________________________________________.

18. As a community changes over time (for example a field in Newark grows to become a forest), we see an example of ______________. What would not be a property of the forest itself that populations of trees/animals in the forest would possess? ___________________. Should all old fields be permitted to become forests? ______ Explain your answer: ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________.

19. Ecology shows how things are connected as the result of ___________________. We need conservation of organisms because human activity favors __________-selected organisms over ___________-selected, we attempt to simplify the _______________ by holding back the _________________ of an area and require _____________________ to live a comfortable lifestyle which leads to less _________________ in the environment.

20. A ____________ species is one that if removed from an environment causes less diversity. A ____________ species might be removed from an environment and not lead to such degradation.

21. Why does an aging forest such as the Pacific NW old growth forest lose value? ____________________________________________________________________. How much of publicly owned old growth forests are currently being cut ________ versus 10 years ago? ___________. What has the Clinton administration failed to do to help protect old growth forests? ______________________________________.

22. Energy ____________ through the ecosystem. About ____% of the sun’s energy is utilized by plants in photosynthesis. Herbivores do not utilize all of the stored energy of plants – in addition to not totally consuming all plant parts, plants use energy for ___________________. Plant parts not digestible or uneaten may still provide energy for ______________.

23. ____________ is an example of a keystone species. It lives in the __________________ environment and it is a keystone species because _______________________________.

24. Where would we find the greatest diversity of organisms on planet earth? ____________ In North America the two major causes of loss of diversity are: 1) __________________ and 2) ______________________.

25. Two major ways humans seek to protect planet biodiversity are:

1) ____________________________ and 2) ________________________________