FILL-INS (4 pts. each question).  Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or words to make the sentence or statement complete.  NOTE:  Some statements have more than one correct response.  Answer in the context of the course.

1. The total human world population is __________________________.  It was ½ that number in _______________.  Is the doubling time to twice the current population expected to be a LONGER or SHORTER or ABOUT THE SAME (circle one) number of years?  What is the rank of the US in total world population? _________________.

2. Shown is the demographic transition.
 
 
 

 
This graph was developed from data from countries such as __________________ who now are in stage ____________________.

3. The video “Land of the Apocalypse” showed human population density was low on Planet Earth until _____________________________.  Why did Europeans seek foreign lands (per the video)? _______________________________________.  The video says the ________________________ population overstretched K and broke the “law of Ecology.”  What happened to deserve this description? ____________________________________

4. Name two continents exhibiting high population growth: ___________________________
 and ______________________.  Are these DEVELOPED or DEVELOPING countries (circle one)?  Give an example of a country with negative population growth? ______________________    What are the two components of (high or low) population change for a country: _____________________  and ______________________.
 
 

5. Explain how each status of women below affects world population growth:
 Age of first marriage  ______________________________
 Access to education  ______________________________
 Labor force participation ______________________________
 Rural vs. urban resident  ______________________________

6. Diagram and label a population pyramid that would be expected to have large increase.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

7. Using Kellett’s scale how do you classify yourself?  _______________________________
 Explain why. ______________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________________

8. Malthus, a 17th century philosopher said population growth will eventually
 ____________________________ . What factors did he identifying as influencing population change?  _______________________________________________
 How does examination of population growth/decline in Egypt validate Malthusean philosophy? ______________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________
 

9. Values differ and influence how humans view animals.  Use the wolf as an example - provide 4 different viewpoints toward wolves and identify what group of people might strongly hold each viewpoint.
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.

10. List two current widely accepted dominant world viewpoints as identified in Chapter 7 and how a deep ecology viewpoint would differ.
  _______________________________  ______________________________
 _______________________________  ______________________________

11. Distinguish between consumptive and productive use of  biodiversity.  Give an example of each.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

12. Distinguish between Direct and Indirect value of biodiversity with an example (you choose example.)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

13. What does this graph best illustrate.
 
 
 
 
 

14. In his explanation of a commons resource, Garrett Hardin used dairy cows and a community common pasture example. How was the number of cows distributed in the community _______________________ and since there was an advantage to own more cows why didn’t each farmer get more cows ____________________________________.

15. Hurricane Hugo had an “additive” effect to human influences on bird biodiversity.  Explain this statement with an example (from Whit Gibbons reading “Keeping all the Pieces.”)
 
 
 
 
 
 

16. List 2 of the 5 ethical Principles identified in Chapter 1):
 1. ______________________
 2. ______________________
 Explain what 1 of these 2 means:
 

17. Why is a standard economic cost: benefit analysis not adequate to explain why humans don’t conserve biodiversity.
 
 
 

18. From the reading "Beyond Malthus" identify 4 items the authors document that illustrate how human population and rising individual consumption has pushed "the planet beyond its natural limits."
 
 
 
 
 

19. The authors of “Can Selfishness Save the Environment” state that appeals for conservation will not work if directed toward _____________________________________ or _______________________________________.   This article argues for a middle approach which they call __________________________________.  Give an example of a middle approach. ______________________________________________________

20. In most instances the environment/biodiversity will be conserved only if the government intervenes.  What would be ideal governmental authority? __________________________.  Give an example:

 
21. Distinguish between extinct and one other term from among these choices:
 extinct in the wide              -               endangered           -                     threatened
 

22. As related by Dave Wilcove (“The Condor’s Shadow”) a trip from Wilmington to Baltimore would be through a ________________________ forest that would lack
 _____________________________ due to over exploitation.  Some non-native organisms (such as ____________________________) would be evident but the extinct species
 ___________________________________ would not be seen.

23. Jared Diamond in the reading “Agriculture’s Mixed Blessings” explains that the transition from hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle (which occurred about ________________
 years ago) might not have been just a blessing with the greatly increased food production/storage it provided humans but it might also have brought ______________________________  and ____________________________________ (list two of the “mixed blessings”) he describes.  Explain one of these in more detail:
 
 
 

24. The fossil record documents 5 past extinctions.  Name when one occurred _____________
 (in years, geological period or otherwise) and ID what went extinct ___________________ What might have caused this extinction _______________________________________.
 

25. The textbook, E.O. Wilson on the Video Hidden Connections and Whit Gibbons reading all ID one overriding responsible factor for the current extinction period - it is _____________________.  Give a specific example and explain the magnitude of the current extinction.