ENTO 214 Exam I

2000

I. LANGUAGE PROBLEMS (20 pts). Five language problems (I will distribute in class practice examples).

II. FILL INS/SHORT ANSWER (80 pts). Answer each of the parts of the 5 sections below in the context of the course. Supply the word or words that most accurately completes sentence blanks; use phrases, sentences or diagrams to supply the information requested for questions/statements.

I. WHAT'S IN A NAME/SOCIALITY.

A. (4 pts) What is the binomial scientific name applied to the Italian honey bee maintained in the University of Delaware apiary? _______________________.It is classified in the order_______________________________.

B. (4 pts) Different species of honey bee (from answer in first blank above) exist in the wild in what region of the world? ____________________. Name one of these other species: _______________________________________ The honey bees of the U.S. were carried here from ____________ as long ago as ________________________________.

C. (4 pts) Identify a wild or non-Apis bee: ______________ Is the bee you identified SOCIAL or SOLITARY (circle one). What distinguished the bee you listed as being either social or solitary? ____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

D. (4 pts) List 4 features to distinguish between a bee and a wasp:

1. _____________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________

II . WHAT IS A HONEY BEE?

A. (6 pts) With a chart/graph illustrate differences in development between queen, drone and worker bee:

B. (6 pts) Define each of these honey bees:

1. field honey bee

2. feral honey bee

3. German honey bee

C. (4 pts) Describe two things worker bees do as work including the age they do the task and how they accomplish the work:

III. BEE ANATOMY

A. (6 pts) Draw and label an external side view of a worker bee (include all major body features and label at least 10 features).

B. (6 pts) Describe how these features happen in honey bees:

1. Skeleton for the body itself

2. nitrogen waste excretion

3. circulation of blood

C. (4 pts) List two exocrine glands, where they are located, their product and what behavior their product produces.

a. ________________ ______________________ _________________

____________________________________________________________

b. ________________ ______________________ _________________

____________________________________________________________

IV. THE BEE NEST

A. (8 pts) (NOTE: each blank requires more than one word). Bees seek a _____________________ as a nest site which they internally measure by ____________________________. Once inside they build ________________________________ using ________________________ dimensions between each piece.

B. (4 pts) Distinguish between drone and worker cells.

C. (4 pts) Explain (minimum of two reasons) why the Langstroth hive is an improved design over a bee skep.

V. COMMUNICATION

A. (8 pts) What is queen substance and what does it do?

B. (4 pts) Identify and explain the pheromones from the following:

a. Nasanov gland

b. sting gland

C. (4 pts) Dr Wenner says _____________ adequately explains how bees locate food sources so he __________________________ with Professor von Frisch on Dance Language. Explain this statement:

ENTOMOLOGY 214

Exam #1

March 24, 1999 Name ___________________

DANCE LANGUAGE PROBLEMS (5 pts. each). Answer with appropriate diagram or words the 4 questions related to dance language in honey bees.

1. A scout bee finds a nectar source 250 meters to the west of her hive (hive A) at 11 AM as diagrammed to the left below. She returns to her hive to tell her sisters of her discovery. Diagram the dance you will see her perform on frame outline to right.

Language problems in paper copy - we will do examples in class

1. Later the same day a different scout from a different hive (hive B) finds the same nectar source 500m from her hive. Would you observe her dancing exactly the same dance diagrammed on the frame outline above? ______. If not diagram the correct dance.

1. You observe Italian worker bees doing the dance diagrammed to the left below early one morning. What specific information are they providing to their sisters about the nectar source?
2. You observe foraging bees doing the dance (Fig. A) diagrammed in the frame outline to left below. If food is to left of hive as shown what time is it? _______. Diagram dance you might see at noon as Figure B.

FILL INS/SHORT ANSWER. (12 pts. each, except III – 8 pts. each). Answer each of the 7 questions below in the context of our course. Supply the word or words that accurately completes sentences, blanks, or use diagrams, phrases, or sentences to supply the information requested.

1. What’s in a name/sociality

1. (4 pts.) The scientific name Apis mellifera was given to the honey bee

existing in (what geographic area) __________________ by what early taxonomist? ________________________. Where would you visit to find more than one species of Apis (what region)? ________________. How could you determine you were looking at a different species of Apis? __________________________________________________________

1. (3 pts) Honey bees, not native to the Americas, have been brought to the U.S. from ________________ and to South America from ______________. Identify two (actual or potential) undesirable side effects of an introduction of beneficial honey bees from one region of the world to another?

1. 1. _______________________________________________________
  2. _______________________________________________________

3. (3 pts) How does a seasonal eusocial life cycle (as in bumble bees) differ
from a perennial eusocial life cycle (as in honey bees)? (Give at least two differences.) ________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

4. (2 pts) Only some wasps and some bees are social (vs. solitary). What

distinguishes wasps from bees? _________________________ What
distinguishes social from solitary? ________________________________
___________________________________________________________

II. What’s a Honey bee?

1. (3 pts) What characteristics would you use to distinguish an Italian honey bee from the Africanized (killer) bee (list at least 2 morphological and two behavioral differences)

Morphological Behavioral

__________________________ __________________________

1. (9 pts) Distinguish between three (3) of the following five (5) honey bees. DO ONLY 3!

a. queen vs. worker caste d. larval & pupal brood

b. hive vs. field bee e. guarding vs. foraging bee

1. hive vs. feral bee

III. Bee Anatomy

1. (6 pts) Draw and label an external side view of a worker bee! (Include all major body features – at least 10 parts labeled.)

1. (2 pts ea.) How do bees…

get oxygen from air to living cells _________________________________

____________________________________________________________

move their wings to fly __________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

develop through metamorphosis __________________________________

____________________________________________________________

The Bee Nest

1. (10 pts) Honey bees need a ____________________ for their bee nest. Once a nest site is found by ________________ bees from a swarm and honey bees move inside, they manufacture __________________________ from glands located on their _____________________ (body region) and this material is manipulated by mouthparts and made into __________________. Describe initial (1^st month) nest construction (with above material) of a typical (non-managed) bee colony:

1. (2 pts) Explain (or diagram) one of these bee hives! DO ONLY 1.

a) skep b) log gum c) clay hive

Chemical Communication

1. (4 pts) In 50 words or less define queen substance:

1. (4 pts) Explain how chemicals from one (1) of the following glands is used for communication in honey bees.

a) scent (Nasanov) gland b) sting gland c) worker mandibular gland

1. (4 pts) Explain either a pheromone concert or pheromone conservation. DO ONE (1) TERM ONLY.

VI. Queens, Queens, Queens

1. (4 pts) Food transmission behavior is the feedback mechanism whereby a queen receives information she needs to start daughter replacement queens. Explain this statement.

1. (8 pts) When you see a queen in her colony she is usually surrounded by a ____________ of worker bees. Queens lay either ______________ or ___________ eggs in the hive and her "decision" is based on the behavior of ______________________________________. When old, a queen may be replaced by a virgin daughter in the behavior ___________________ or she may join her daughters in colony reproduction behavior termed ________________________. Either of the two behaviors (in 2 blanks immediately above) are initiated by the queen herself when she ___________ ______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________. Beekeepers (and worker bees) can tell the difference between the two by observing ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________.

VII. Bees, Bees, Bees

1. (4 pts) In 50 words or less explain a honey bee to a criminal justice major (i.e. non-biologist).

1. (4 pts) Some individuals consider Dance Language behavior less than a language. They consider ___________ to be how bees communicate locations of food sources. How does the "fan experiment" provide support for the Dance Language hypothesis?

Do you want your exam grade before spring break?

If yes, supply your email address ___________________ or telephone # ___________ or address ____________________________________________________________ and you shall have it.

ENTOMOLOGY 214

Exam #1

March 21, 2001

I. DANCE LANGUAGE PROBLEMS (5 pts. each) Answer with appropriate diagram or words the 4 questions related to dance language in honey bees.

A. A scout bee finds a nectar source 350 meters to the east of her hive (hive A) at 9 AM as diagrammed to the left below. She returns to her hive to tell her sisters of her discovery. Diagram the dance you will see her perform on frame outline to right.

B. Later the same day a different scout from the same hive and another bee from a different hive (hive B) finds a nectar source 300m from hive A and 1000 m from hive B. Would you observe the two bees dancing exactly the same dance?________ If not diagram the two dances you would observe.

C. You observe Italian worker bees doing the dance diagrammed to the left below early one morning. What specific information are they providing to their sisters about the nectar source?

D. You observe foraging bees doing the dance (Fig. A) diagrammed in the frame outline to left below. If food is to right of hive as shown, what time is it? ________ Diagram dance you might see at noon (if different from Fig A) s Figure B.

I. WHAT'S IN A NAME/SOCIALITY.

A. (4 pts) What is the binomial scientific name of the social honey bee introduced into the Americas _______________________.It is classified in the family __________________, order _____________________________. At what level of the classification system would two organisms more closely resemble each other? _______________________.

B. (4 pts) In Asia a person might call an insect honey bee but be looking at a honey bee different from the one you might see in your backyard? How is this possible ? ______ _______________________________________________. Would the bee they see be a non-Apis bee? YES or NO (circle one). Explain _______________________________________________.

C. (4 pts) Can you explain an instance in which bees were transported from one region of the world to another (be specific)? What was the consequences of this transfer? __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

D. (4 pts) Distinguish between a bee and wasp:

Bee wasp

Body hairs_____________________________________________

Larval food_____________________________________________

Adult diet______________________________________________

nest_____________________________________________________

II . WHAT IS A HONEY BEE?

A. (6 pts) Distinguish at least 6 differences in rearing (brood stage) of a queen and worker bee:

B. (6 pts) Define each of these honey bees:

1. nurse bee

2. wild bee

3. hive bee

C. (4 pts) Describe the sequence of duties of a typical worker bee.

III. BEE ANATOMY

A. (6 pts) Draw and label an external side view of an adult worker bee and label at least 12 major structures.

B. (6 pts) Describe how honey bees do the following:

1. breathe - oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange)

2. get food to/take wastes away from body cells

3. perceive food

C. (4 pts) Distinguish between pheromone and hormone - give example of each.

IV. THE BEE NEST

A. (6 pts) Describe the structure of a natural bee nest

B. (4 pts) Illustrate (diagram) an early type of bee hive before the Langstroth hive was developed.

V. COMMUNICATION

A. (4 pts)Diagram a wagtail dance and explain important features:

B. (8 pts) Where is queen substance produced _______________ and how is it distributed _____________________________________ Name two major chemicals it includes 1) _________________________ and 2) _________________________________________________. Give two functions of queen substance 1) _____________________________ and 2) _______________________________________________________. Explain one of these last two:

B. (4 pts) Identify and explain the pheromones of each:

a. scent gland

b. alarm behavior

C. (4 pts) What is swarming? How is it started and what is end reslut?

D. (4 pts) Explain this statement: Queens start the process of replacing themselves and also have the ability to stop the process before it is completed.

ENTOMOLOGY 214

Exam #1 March 20, 2002

I. DANCE LANGUAGE PROBLEMS (5 pts. each) Answer with appropriate diagram or words the 4 questions related to honey bee dance language

A. A scout bee finds a nectar source 175 meters to the east of her hive (hive A) at 10 AM as diagrammed to the left below. She returns to her hive to tell her sisters of her discovery. Diagram the dance you will see her perform on frame outline to right.

B. Later the same day (2 PM) a different scout from the same hive finds a nectar source 300m to the East beyond the earlier nectar source. What specific changes would you expect to see in the dance of the bees?_____________________________________________________

Diagram the afternoon dance you see in frame outline to right below.

C. You observe German worker bees doing the dance diagrammed to the left below early one morning. What specific information are they providing to their sisters about the nectar source?

D. You observe foraging bees doing the dance (Fig. A) diagrammed in the frame outline to left below. If food is to right of hive as shown at position A, what time is it? ___________________

Diagram dance you see at 10 AM in Figure B.

II. FILL INS/SHORT ANSWER Answer each of the parts of the questions below in the context of the course. Supply the word or words that most accurately completes sentence blanks; use phrases, sentences or diagrams to supply the information requested.

I. WHAT'S IN A NAME/SOCIALITY.

A. (6 pts) The binomial scientific name of the social honey bee is _______________________. What would be a different name for a social honey bee living in SE Asia?_______________. Honey bees are classified in the phylum _________________________, order ____________________________. What does the word bee mean?

____________________________________________ How does a bee differ from its close relatives? __________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

B. (5 pts) honey bees are eusocial – what does that mean? _____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Bumble bees are seasonally eusocial – what does that mean? ___________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Name another seasonally eusocial insect in our region? ____________

C. (4 pts) When were bees transported from Europe to North America? _____________ Why were they transported?___________________________

____________________________________________________________

II . WHAT IS A HONEY BEE?

A. (6 pts) Complete table filling in number of days in development stage and longevity of adult stage:

Bee egg ________ pupae adult

Worker

drone

B. (6 pts.) Define each of these honey bees:

1. guard bee

2. queen bee

3. foraging bee

C. (6 pts) Adult honey bees spend their first 3 weeks of adult life doing hive duties. List 3 worker activities including when (within the 3 weeks), where this activity is normally performed and how they do this work.

III. BEE ANATOMY

A. (6 pts) Draw and label an external side view of an adult worker bee and label at least 12 major structures.

B. (3 pts) Describe how honey bees do one of the following:

Breathe (oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange) OR circulate blood

C. (2 pts) Give 4 anatomical differences you can see looking at an adult queen that helps distinguish her from a worker bee.

D. (6 pts) List a worker pheromone and gland it is released from

pheromone gland

________________________ ________________________

IV. THE BEE NEST

A. (5 pts) Five characteristics of a feral (natural) bee nest that man has used to design the modern hive are:

B. (3 pts) What is bee space? Why is it important to bees?

V. Queens and Bee Sex

A. (4 pts) Describe the in-hive change in behavior of a honey bee queen when she does not receive a sufficient amount of queen substance.

B. (6 pts) Give two functions of queen substance outside of the bee colony: 1) _________________________________________

2) ______________________________________________________

Explain one of these two:

C. (4 pts) Describe how bees communicate alarm:

C. (4 pts) Describe what happens when a swarm leaves its original

home.

D. (4 pts) Some scientists believe there is a simple explanation to explain how bees recruit nestmates to newly discovered food sources. What is the simple explanation they cite? _____________________.

Explain how this diagramed experiment is used to both support and refute dance language.