Instructor: John McDonald
322 Wolf Hall (office)
026B Wolf
Hall (lab)
Phone: 831-2007
E-mail: mcdonald@udel.edu
Web page:
http://udel.edu/~mcdonald
General format: For the first half of the semester, I'll be giving lectures on some of the basic concepts of evolutionary genetics: methods of detecting genetic variation, natural selection, random drift and the neutral model, and estimation of phylogenies. Homework assignments will give you practice in using some of the common computer techniques in evolutionary genetics.
For the second half of the semester, we will discuss two articles from the original scientific literature at each class. Each of you will pick two articles from the evolutionary genetics literature by Friday, February 22; I'll then group the articles by topic and assign you dates for your presentations. You will research the literature on the topic of each article and write a paper about it. You'll turn in the paper one week before your presentation. Every other student will read the articles and participate in the discussions. Each student will write a short (about one and a half pages) critique of the two articles for half of the classes.
Homework assignments: There are five homework assignments due before spring break. Instructions for the assignments are linked from this page. (The links for last year's versions of the assignments are in italics; don't start working on them until I've put up this year's versions.) The first assignment is to pick the two articles you will be researching for your papers and presentations; it is worth 2 percent of your grade. The remaining four assignments will give you a chance to practice several commonly used computer techniques for the evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequence data, and each is worth 5 percent of your grade.
All assignments must be typed and turned in on paper; I will not accept e-mailed assignments. If you know in advance that you will be absent on the day an assignment is due, you may turn in the assignment ahead of time at my office or my faculty mailbox. If you miss a class due to illness or other unexpected reason, turn in the assignment at the next class, with the reason it is late written on the assignment. Homework assignments turned in late without a valid excuse written on them will be penalized one point for each day late.
Papers: You must choose two articles on two different topics in evolutionary genetics. You will then research the literature on the topic of that article, and write a paper about it, summarizing the relevant literature. Each paper will be worth 16 percent of your grade. See the instructions for the papers for more details.
I strongly urge you to schedule a meeting with me before you begin the literature research for your paper and class presentation. I can suggest some background reading and help you see what the main focus of your paper and presentation should be.
Presentations: When it is your turn to lead the discussion, you should present background information about the topic of your paper for about 10 minutes, then open the floor for discussion. If you and your partner for the day have papers on similar topics, you should discuss your presentations ahead of time so that you don't both present the same information. Since everyone will have read the paper in depth beforehand, you should NOT describe what the assigned paper says. Instead, you should present background information from earlier papers that is important for understanding your paper, and you should summarize the opinions of more recent papers that cite your paper (if there are any). During the discussion, you should make sure that everyone gets a chance to participate, and should also recognize when the discussion is dwelling on minor points or bogging down and pose questions that will get things back on track.
To present visual information as part of your presentation, you may use the chalkboard, overheads, PowerPoint (for Windows or Macintosh), Keynote (for Macintosh), or OpenOffice.org Impress (for Windows or Macintosh). If you are going to use PowerPoint, Keynote or Impress, e-mail the file to me by 9 a.m. on the day of your presentation, and if possible, bring the file to class on a flash drive or CD as a backup in case the e-mail doesn't work.
Each presentation will be worth 8 percent of your grade, based on the thoroughness of your preparation, your effective use of visual aids (note that "effective" does not mean "flashy"; sometimes a simple chalkboard drawing is all you need), and your ability at leading a discussion.
Critiques: To sharpen your critical and writing skills, you will be required to turn in a critique of ten of the pairs of papers, at the end of class on the day of the discussion. You will be assigned to Group A or Group B, whichever group is not critiquing on the day you present. For example, Denise and Allison present on April 9, when a Group B critique is due; that means that Denise and Allison are in Group A. You must critique all of the papers assigned to your group. Each critique must be typed and at least one-and-a-half single-spaced pages long (total for the two papers, not one-and-a-half pages per paper) and must do all of the following:
The critiques should not spend more than a couple of sentences summarizing the content of each paper; the goal is to critique the paper, not explain it to me. These critiques will count for 20 percent of your grade.
Participation: Your participation in the class discussions after spring break will count for 10 percent of your grade. If you say something in every discussion class, you'll get the full 10 percent; to encourage uninhibited discussion, I'm not going to grade the content of your comments.
Grade scale: A 93-100; A- 90-92.9; B+ 87-89.9; B 83-86.9; B- 80-82.9; C+ 77-79.9; C 73-76.9; C- 70-72.9; D+ 67-69.9; D 63-66.9; D- 60-62.9; F 0-59.9.
Students who are less than 3 points below the minimum grade needed for their program (such as an undergraduate biology major with 67 to 69.9 points) will be given the opportunity to take an incomplete grade and complete an extra credit project. This project will be a lot of work, such as writing a 15-page term paper on a topic of my choice. Upon satisfactory completion of the project, you'll get the minimum grade needed for your program (such as C- for undergraduate biology majors). There will be no other extra credit.
Office hours: I will not have formal office hours; if you'd like to talk to me, feel free to call me, e-mail me, or drop by. I'm generally at my office or lab from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. On other days I'm working at home and can be reached by e-mail.
Here is the schedule of lecture topics.
| Day | Date | Topic | Other |
| Wednesday | February 13 | The struggle to measure variation: quantitative characters | -- |
| Friday | February 15 | Allozymes, restriction digests | -- |
| Monday | February 18 | DNA sequencing | -- |
| Wednesday | February 20 | Neutral model and selection | -- |
| Friday | February 22 | Phylogenies | Homework 1 due--choice of paper for presentation |
| Monday | February 25 | Phylogenies | -- |
| Wednesday | February 27 | Comparative method | -- |
| Friday | February 29 | Ka/Ks | -- |
| Monday | March 3 | Examples of Ka/Ks | -- |
| Wednesday | March 5 | codon bias | -- |
| Friday | March 7 | MK | Homework 2 due--phylogenies |
| Monday | March 10 | HKA, MMRK | -- |
| Wednesday | March 12 | Tajima etc. | -- |
| Friday | March 14 | LD | Homework 3 due--relative rates and dN/dS |
| Monday | March 17 | Substitutional asymmetry | -- |
| Wednesday | March 19 | Experimental approaches--lab | -- |
| Friday | March 21 | Experimental approaches--field | -- |
| Monday | March 24 | Geographic variation | -- |
| Wednesday | March 26 | Quantitative traits and heritability | Homework 4 due--MK, MMRK |
| Friday | March 28 | No class today | -- |
| Monday | March 31 | Spring break | -- |
| Wednesday | April 2 | Spring break | -- |
| Friday | April 4 | Spring break | -- |
| Monday | April 7 | John McDonald Umina, P.A., A.R. Weeks, M.R. Kearney, S.W. McKechnie, and A.A. Hoffmann. 2005. A rapid shift in a classic clinal pattern in Drosophila reflecting climate change. Science 308: 691-693. |
no critique due |
| Wednesday | April 9 | Denise Kelly Fry, B.G., and W. Wuster. 2004. Assembling an arsenal: origin and evolution of the snake venome proteome inferred from phylogenetic analysis of toxin sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21: 870-883. Allison Stoklosa Nyakaana, S., E.L. Abe, P. Arctander, and H.R. Siegismund. 2001. DNA evidence for elephant social behavior breakdown in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Anim. Cons. 4: 231-237. |
Group B critique |
| Friday | April 11 | Mel Jonas Lavrenchenko, L.A., E. Verheyen, S.G. Potapov, V.S. Lebedev, N.S. Bulatova, V.M. Aniskin, W.N. Verheyen, and A.P. Ryskov. 2004. Divergent and reticulate processes in evolution of Ethiopian Lophuromys flavopunctatus species complex: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA differentiation patterns. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 83: 301-316. Sarah Goodwin Hawley, D.M., D. Hanley, A.A. Dhondt, and I.J. Lovette. 2006. Molecular evidence for a founder effect in invasive house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) populations experiencing an emergent disease epidemic. Mol. Ecol. 15: 263-275. |
Group A critique |
| Monday | April 14 | Kelly Perkins Enattah, N.S., N. Sahi, E. Savilahti, J.D. Terwilliger, L. Peltonen, and I. Jarvela. 2002. Identification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia. Nat. Genet. 30: 233-237. Jennifer Carter Sundqvist, A.K., S. Bjornerfeldt, J.A. Leonard, F. Hiler, A. Hedhammar, H. Ellegren, and C. Vila. 2006. Unequal contribution of sexes in the origin of dog breeds. Genetics 172: 1121-1128. |
Group B critique |
| Wednesday | April 16 | Ryan Best Arnett, A.E., and N.J. Gotelli. 1999. Geographic variation in life-history traits of the ant lion, Myrmeleon immaculatus: Evolutionary implications of Bergmann's rule. Evolution 53: 1180-1188. Sara Schrum Wen, Y., and D.M. Irwin. 1999. Mosaic evolution of ruminant stomach lysozyme genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 13: 474-482. |
Group A critique |
| Friday | April 18 | Sharon Pozzo Tauber, E., K.S. Last, P.J.W. Olive, and C.P. Kyriacou. 2004. Clock gene evolution and functional divergence. J. Biol. Rhythms 19: 445-458. Carla Spence Monot, M., N. Honore, T. Garnier, et al. (22 co-authors). 2005. On the origin of leprosy. Science 308: 1040-1042. |
Group B critique |
| Monday | April 21 | Jaclynn Kozlowski Rassmann, K. 1997. Evolutionary age of the Galapagos iguanas predates the age of the present Galapagos Islands. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 7: 158-172. Milos Markis Suzuki, Y., and M. Nei. 2002. Origin and evolution of influenza virus hemaglutinin genes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19: 501-509. |
Group A critique |
| Wednesday | April 23 | Ryan Redding Small, R. L., and J.F. Wendel. 2002. Differential evolutionary dynamics of duplicated paralogous Adh loci in allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium). Mol. Biol. Evol. 19: 597-607. Alex Shepley Hoelzel, A.R., J. Hey, M.E. Dahlheim, C. Nocholson, V. Burkanov, and N. Black. 2007. Evolution of population structure in a highly social top predator, the killer whale. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24: 1407-1415. |
Group B critique |
| Friday | April 25 | Sarah Goodwin Macdougall-Shackleton, E.A., and S.A. MacDougall-Shackleton. 2001. Cultural and genetic evolution in white-crowned sparrows: song dialects are associated with population structure. Evolution 55: 2568-2575. Joseph Facciolo Hamilton, H., S. Caballero, A. Collins, and R. Brownell Jr. 2001. Evolution of river dolphins. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 268: 549-556. |
Group A critique |
| Monday | April 28 | Harry Caufield Eick, G.N., D.S. Jacobs, and C.A. Matthee. 2005. A nuclear DNA phylogenetic perspective on the evolution of echolocation and historical biogeography of extant bats (Chiroptera). Mol. Biol. Evol. 22: 1869-1886. Sean Fidance Blair, A.C., and L.M. Wolfe. 2004. The evolution of an invasive plant: an experimental study with Silene latifolia. Ecology 85: 3035-3042. |
Group B critique |
| Wednesday | April 30 | Ema Bajlovic Devonshire, A.L., L.M. Field, S.P. Foster, G.D. Moores, M.S. Williamson, and R.L. Blackman. 1998. The evolution of insecticide resistance in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus pericae. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol] 353: 1677-1684. Kelly Colegrove Williams, B.L., E.D. Brodie Jr., and E.D. Brodie III. 2003. Coevolution of deadly toxins and predator resistance: self-assessment of resistance by garter snakes leads to behavioral rejection of toxic newt prey. Herpetologica 59: 155-163. |
Group A critique |
| Friday | May 2 | Denise Kelly Jensen, M.P. F.A. Abreu-grobois, J. Frydenberg, and V. Loeschcke. 2006. Microsatellites provide insight into contrasting mating patterns in arribada vs. non-arribada olive ridley sea turtle rookeries. Mol. Ecol. 15: 2567-2575. Kelly Perkins Ingram, V.M. 1956. A specific chemical difference between the globins of normal human and sickle-cell anaemia haemoglobin. Nature 178: 792-794. |
Group B critique |
| Monday | May 5 | Sara Schrum Go, Y. 2006. Lineage-specific expansions and contractions of the bitter taste receptor gene repertoire in vertebrates. Mol. Biol. Evol. 23: 964-972. Mel Jonas Teixeira, C.P., A. Hirsch, H. Perini, and R.J. Young. 2006. Marsupials from space: fluctuating asymmetry, geographical information systems and animal conservation. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 273: 1007-1012. |
Group A critique |
| Wednesday | May 7 | Allison Stoklosa Albert, V.A., S.E. Williams, and M.W. Chase. 1992. Carnivorous plants: phylogeny and structural evolution. Science 257: 1491-1495. Sharon Pozzo Cropp, S., S. Boinski, and W. Li. 2002. Allelic variation in the squirrel monkey X-linked color vision gene. J. Mol. Evol. 54: 734-745. |
Group B critique |
| Friday | May 9 | Ryan Best Doebeli, M., and N. Knowlton. 1998. The evolution of interspecific mutualisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 8978-8980. Jaclynn Kozlowski Wang, L.F, M. Yu, E. Hansson, L.I. Pritchard, B. Shiell, W.P. Michalski, and B.T. Eaton. 2000. The exceptionally large genome of Hendra virus: Support for creation of a new genus within the family Paramyxoviridae. J. Virol. 74: 9972-9979. |
Group A critique |
| Monday | May 12 | Jennifer Carter Braasch, I., W. Salzburger, and A. Meyer. 2006. Asymmetric evolution in two fish-specifically duplicated receptor tyrosine kinase paralogons involved in teleost coloration. Mol. Biol. Evol. 23: 1192-1202 Carla Spence Falush, D., T. Wirth, B. Linz, et al. (18 co-authors). 2003. Traces of human migrations in Helicobacter pylori populations. Science 299: 1582-1585. |
Group B critique |
| Wednesday | May 14 | Milos Markis Johnson, J.A., and P.O. Dunn. 2006. Low genetic variation in the heath hen prior to extinction and implications for the conservation of prairie chicken populations. Cons. Genet. 7: 37-48. Kelly Colegrove Franck, E., O. Madesen, T. van Rheede, G. Ricard, M.A. Huynen, and W.W. de Jong. 2004. Evolutionary diversity of vertebrate small heat shock proteins. J. Mol. Evol. 59: 792-805. |
Group A critique |
| Friday | May 16 | Ryan Redding Matsubara, K., H. Tarui, M. Toriba, K. Yamada, C. Nishida-Umehara, K. Agata, and Y. Matsuda. 2006. Evidence for different origin of sex chromosomes in snakes, birds, and mammals and step-wise differentiation of snake sex chromosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103: 18190-18195. Harry Caufield Hansen, C.N., G. Harper, and J. Heslop-Harrison. 2005. Characterization of pararetrovirus-like sequences in the genome of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Cytogenet. Genome Res. 110: 559-565. |
Group B critique |
| Monday | May 19 | Joseph Facciolo Blackledge, T.A., and R.G. Gillespie. 2004. Convergent evolution of behavior in an adaptive radiation of Hawaiian web-building spiders. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 16228-16233. Ema Bajlovic Twiddy, S.S., E. Holmes, and A. Rambaut. 2003. Inferring the rate and time-scale of dengue virus evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20: 122-129. |
Group A critique |
| Wednesday | May 21 | Alex Shepley Lougheed, L.W., and D.J. Anderson. 1999. Parent blue-footed boobies suppress siblicidal behavior of offspring. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 45: 11-18. Sean Fidance Antia, R., R.R. Regoes, J.C. Koella, and C.T. Bergstrom. 2003. The role of evolution in the emergence of infectious diseases. Nature 426:658-661. |
no critique due |
Return to John McDonald's home page
This page was last revised May 10, 2008. Its URL is http://udel.edu/~mcdonald/evolsyllabus.html